Bio-Diversity
Literally biodiversity means the diversity of all life forms on earth.
According to Article II, CBD 1992:-
“Biodiversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial,
marine other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological complexes of which they are part; it includediversity within species, between spp. And of ecosystem. Besides it this, it include the various races and spp. Of all microbes, plants, & animal that live on earth inducing there genetic differences i.e the genetic pole(the collection of all the different gene in various individuals) of each spp., a population i.e the living members of a species at a time on earth.
Type of biodiversity:
a) Ecological diversity:
It refers to the variability among living organisms in different ecosystem. In other words, it belongs to richness of spp of flora and fauna and microorganisms in an ecosystem or biotic community. It includes
o Biomes
o Bioregion
o Landscapes
o Ecosystem o Niche
o Population
b) Genetic diversity
It pertains (belongs to) to range of diversity in plant and animal genetic resources. It also refers to variation within and between population of spp. For example- variation between genes or bet^ DNA or amino acid sequences as weel as members of breeds, strains distinct population. It includes-
o Population
o Individuals
o Chromosomes.
c) Organizational diversity
o Kingdoms
o Phyla
o Families
o Species.
d) Cultural diversity:
Human intarection at all lavel.
Objectives And advantages of biodiversity conservation:
Ø Conservation of biodiversity leads to conservation
of essential ecological diversity and life support systems.
Ø To preserve genetic diversity of plants and
animals
Ø Ensure sustainable utilization of life support
system on earth.
Ø It provide a vast knowledge of potential use to
the scientific community
Ø To create plant and animal reservoir
Ø Samples of unchanged biotic communities are
maintained in there natural form
Ø Biological diversity provides immediate benefits
for the society such as recreation and tourism.
Ø It serves as an insurance policy for the future.
Importance of biodiversity:
Due to climate and ecological differences in different geographical regions of the world of the distribution of this =life form are not even and _________ over the globe. Each particular ecosystem sustains a particular assemblage of life forms creating physical environmental that supports life form on the earth is not static. It is in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Therefore the life forms have to adjust & adopt all the times for the development of a new spp. Besides this, man cannot live alone on the earth. It is dependent on the other forms of life around them for food, clothing, shelter, health, medicine and other existence of all the life forms including man is thus dependent on the existence of human being also. Therefore, it is important to conserve the biodiversity on this globe and it is different ecosystem.
Objectives of biodiversity management:
Biodiversity management is the human effort to plan and implement a set of
approaches to-
Ø Protect and sustainable use of biodiversity and biological resources and ensure adequate sharing of benefits therefore.
Ø Develop the human, financial, infrastructural and institutional capacity to address these objectives
Ø Establish the institutional arrangement to foster the co-operation and action by private and public sector interests.
Causes of bio-diversity losses:
a) High rates of human population growth and natural resource consumption.
b) Steadily narrowing spectrum of traded products from agriculture and forestry and introduction of exotic spp.
c) Economic systems and policies that fails to recognize the value of environment and its resources.
d)
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